Real Estate ROI Calculator

Cash-on-cash & cap rate.

Run a rental property with realistic costs included — vacancy, management, maintenance, insurance, and taxes — and see the cash-on-cash return, cap rate, and monthly cash flow.

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Monthly cash flow
Cash-on-cash return
Cap rate (NOI ÷ price)
Cash invested & 1% rule
Cash-on-cash = Annual cash flow ÷ Total cash invested
Enter your numbers to see the math.
This calculator produces estimates based on the assumptions you enter. Investment returns are not guaranteed and past performance does not predict future results. Actual results will differ.

What this calculator does

It models a financed rental purchase end to end: down payment and closing costs, the monthly mortgage, effective rent after vacancy and management, operating costs, and the resulting monthly cash flow, cap rate, and cash-on-cash return. It also flags the "1% rule" — which barely exists in most 2026 markets.

The formulas

Cap rate = Annual NOI ÷ Price
Cash-on-cash = Annual cash flow ÷ Total cash invested

where NOI (net operating income) is effective rent minus operating costs (tax, insurance, maintenance), and cash flow is NOI minus the mortgage payment.

Worked example

$300,000 property, 20% down, 7% 30-year loan. Rent $2,400, 5% vacancy, 8% management, $500 of monthly operating costs. The mortgage is about $1,597/month, monthly NOI about $1,588 — so the property is roughly break-even on cash flow, with a cap rate near 6.4%. The wealth builds through principal paydown and appreciation, not monthly cash.

Assumptions & limitations

  • Uses your actual inputs for every cost line — but the real world will add surprise costs (a vacancy longer than expected, a capital repair).
  • Appreciation is not modeled here; it is uncertain and should not be the reason you buy.
  • Does not model depreciation, taxes, or 1031 exchanges — those are covered on the path page.

FAQ

What is a good cash-on-cash return?
Most experienced investors target roughly 8–12% in a normal market. At 2026 interest rates, many single-family rentals at 20% down are break-even on cash flow — the return comes from principal paydown and (uncertain) appreciation. Treat any quoted "guaranteed" cash-on-cash with skepticism.
What is a cap rate?
The cap rate is the annual net operating income (NOI) divided by the purchase price. It is a property’s unlevered return before financing. A 6% cap rate on a $300,000 property means $18,000/year of NOI. Cap rates are a quick comparison tool, not a profit guarantee.
Why is my cash flow negative in this calculator?
Because that is often the honest answer at 6.5–7% mortgage rates: rent minus vacancy, management, maintenance, taxes, insurance, and the mortgage frequently nets out to break-even or negative. The calculator does not hide it — that is the point.

See the full context: How to make a million through real estate investing →

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